Benefits Of Supply Chains Going Green - 1388 Words

The discussion of supply chains going green has become a bone of contention among major stakeholders in the industry. The discussion started after the Carbon disclosure project released a report indicating that supply chains contributed greatly to the emission of carbon in the atmosphere. Due to the report, pressure has been mounting on the administration of supply chains to implement strategies on their carbon management. Analysts have however stated that there are various pros and cons of the supply chains going green, which have to be considered in the implementation of carbon management strategies. This paper analyzes the pros and cons of supply chains going green. Advantages of supply chains going green Improvement in financial†¦show more content†¦It is however important for companies to understand that the improvement of financial performance as a result of going green is not immediate since the company has to adjust in its operations, which might take a while to adjust to (Palevich, 2012). Resource sustainability Through the move by supply chains to go green, there is an effective utilization of available resources. Going at the current rate where carbon emissions have increased, the environment is being compromised and the future generations may have a problem in producing even the basic products that they may need. Additionally, environmentalists have warned of the increase in global temperatures that are affecting climate. With the decision to go green by the supply chains, the carbon emissions will be reduced at a certain percentage, which is important for the conservation of the environment. Increase in efficiency Through the effective management of resources, chances are that efficiency will be embraced. When supply chains go green, resources are limited and this translates to development of effective models that not only focus on reduce carbon emissions but also improving efficiency through the limited resources. Through efficiency, production of hazardous substances will be reduced and organizations will not have to be fined for violation of regulations regarding the environment (Laloux, 2014). Competitive advantage and differentiation of products

The Video Gaming Industry - 1209 Words

The world we live in has changed dramatically over the last thirty years with the invention of the internet, smart phones, and video gaming systems. The world we live in now was unimaginable and the technology advances we have made are remarkable. Video game consoles and how we as a society play them has changed dramatically since the beginning of gaming in the 1970’s. Over the last decade there have been many arguments concerning video games such as too much violence, obesity, addiction, social wellbeing, and many other health related issues. Video games also have some advantages to include hand eye coordination, a strategic mind set, educational and teach life lessons to the players. However, video games do cause more harm than good†¦show more content†¦That is a problem with our generation and probably future generations as well. Bissell admits that â€Å"a good game attracts you with its melodrama and hypnotizes you with elegant gameplay. In effect, this t urns you into a galley slave who enjoys rowing.† Gamers lose track of time and just imagine a parent so involved in this kind of game, what could be happening with their children. They can also enter a cycle of isolation whereas a non-gamer would dedicate time to family or to other functional responsibilities. A gamer dedicates all the time to improve their game. Besides the mental aspect of playing video games the physical concerns such as obesity, insomnia, and other body ailments. â€Å"More than 60% of Americans are considered overweight or obese, including an estimated 25 million children.† (Parks) Obesity is a leading concern because â€Å"Addiction to video games hampers the health of an individual to a great extent. It is often very difficult to cure the ills that are caused by incessant gaming. Addicted gamers often face these problems because they tend to sit in one place for a long time and hence their body practically misses out on any kind of physi cal activity. Being overweight may increase the risk of developing other ailments in the long run such as high levels of cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension and so on. (DSilva) Back pain, restless leg syndrome, blood clots, seizures, eye strain and carpal tunnel are all health concerns andShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of The Video Gaming Industry1424 Words   |  6 PagesElectronic Arts, EA, is a company within the video gaming industry and a field I’ve been interested in joining. After viewing several different video gaming company career sites EA was the company that stood out the most. EA uses great navigability, atheistic, and personal stories that draw in candidates making EA the winner for having the best career page. A few improvements that EA can make to their website in order to make their career website stand out more would be to their applicant trackingRead MoreVideo Games And The Gaming Industry Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesSince the arcade craze of the 1980s, the gaming industry has grown tremendously. Companies, such as Nintendo, Bethesda, and Rovio, develop game after game, and due to gaming’s rising popularity, their games are made more accessible, with consoles in homes and apps on smart phones. Accompanying this surge in gaming, the idea of the stereotypical gamer has come to life. Most often, people who oppose video games do so on the notion that the average gamer is overweight, living in his grandmother’s basementRead MoreVideo Games And Its Impact On The Gaming Industry916 Words   |  4 Pagesthat a gaming computer instead of a gaming console is the practical alternative. I persuade gamers to stop pouring their money into these gaming consoles, instead purchase or build a gaming computer. I will discuss how a gaming computer is a better purchase than a gaming console because of improved graphics, financial gain, upgrade compatibility, versatile controller options, game selections, learning opportunities, and alte rnative capabilities. You may be thinking, I’m not interesting gaming or It’sRead More Competition and Innovation in the Video Gaming Industry959 Words   |  4 Pages3) Based on your reading of Malerba, F. 2007. â€Å"Innovation and the dynamics and evolution of industries: Progress and challenges† International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 675- ¬Ã¢â‚¬ 699, choose an industry and describe how its structure and current state of emergence affect competition and innovation. Video games have had high demand over the past decade. Many titles such Call Of Duty and Grand Theft Auto make billions of dollars in profits. (1) What began as a small marketRead MoreThe Impact Of Video Games On The Gaming Industry2500 Words   |  10 Pagespoints out that history of video games begins from 1971 year, when Nutting association released 1500 machines with Spacewar video game. At the beginning it was too difficult to control the game process and playing machines had huge dimensions. But by the time with new technologies they become more compact and easier to play. According to the information given by Herman et all (2002), the period between the years of 1978-1981 is called ‘golden age’ of video game industry. In this period the arcadeRead MoreThe Video Gaming Industry : Microsoft, Sony, And Nintendo1828 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction: For several years now, the video gaming industry has been in a lockdown between three giant corporates – Microsoft, Sony, and Nintendo. For most part of the industry’s history these three firms have been competing endlessly for higher market share, more customers, and outselling each other. This form of competition can best be called a Red Ocean. Red oceans refer to the known market space – all the industries in existence today. In red oceans, industry boundaries are clearly delineated andRead MoreThe History Of Video Gaming1218 Words   |  5 PagesThe history of video gaming goes back to the 1940’s when academics began designing simple games, simulations and artificial intelligence programs for computer science research. The first video game was invented in 1947 by Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Esti Ray Mann in the United States (James n.d.). Mainstream popularity of this industry only occurred four decades ago, in the 1970’s, with gaming beginning to revolutionize in all forms. Many university graduates and businesses were becoming intriguedRead MoreFive Forces Analysis of the Video Game Industry943 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of the Video Game Industry The video game industry is the economic sector involved with the development, marketing and sale of video and computer games. It includes video game consoles, game software, handheld devices, mobile games and online games. The video gaming industry has been growing exponentially in recent years with Sony, Microsoft and Nintendo competing for the higher profits in the market. This essay will analyze each of the five forces acting on the industry: threat of newRead MoreVideo Game Industry Analysis Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesIndustry background The video game industry (formally referred to as interactive entertainment) is the economic sector involved with the development, marketing and sale of video and computer games. It includes video game consoles, game software, handheld devices, mobile games and online games. The video gaming industry has been growing exponentially in recent years. The growth is expected to leap-frog in the future. Following chart shows the projected market share by 2010 of different segmentRead MoreVideo Gaming Technology Can Be Beneficial Essay1741 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Gaming Technology can be Beneficial Student’s Name Institutional affiliation Video Gaming As a concerned parent, one would easily feel coaxed to venture into analyzing every aspect of the child s welfare from a day-to-day perspective. There is a common concern over what the kids play around with as well as the impacts created upon the receiver. Similarly, the use of video gaming presents a common challenge as to whether the games are of benefit or not in the educational system

The Process of Conditioning Free Essays

Florida Sahay Professor Griffin Psychology 1101 Fall 2009 The Conditioning Process It was raining when Sarah was driving home from work. Both she and the driver of the car in front of her were speeding. The car in front of her had immediately braked. We will write a custom essay sample on The Process of Conditioning or any similar topic only for you Order Now There was not enough distance between that car and her own car to safely slow to a stop, so she had quickly switched lanes to avoid a car accident. Instead, the slick pavement caused her car to swerve out of control. When her car finally skidded to a stop, it was inches away from colliding into a tree.Two weeks later, Sarah noticed that she had become anxious every time she had to drive in the rain. Believe it or not, Sarah’s anxiety is due to an associative learning process called conditioning. According to Weiten (2008), conditioning involves learning associations between events that occur in an organism’s environment (p. 169). Although psychology has a grasp on how we learn through classical and operant conditioning, it is impaired by biological constraints.Classical conditioning, also referred to as Pavlovian conditioning (Weiten, 2008), was discovered by a Russian physiologist, Ivan Pavlov. This form of learning presents how an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), or a neutral event, is initially unable to evoke an unconditioned response (UCR), or a reflexive response, but attains the ability to do so by pairing with another stimulus that can elicit such a response. Sarah’s situation would be an example of classical conditioning. The UCS would be Sarah’s near-death experience. The UCR from Sarah was anxiety and fear.Now that she feels anxiety and fear every time she must drive when it rains, even if there is no chance of another accident, her reaction has become a conditioned response (CR) to the rain, which is now the conditioned stimulus (CS). Another type of conditioning is operant conditioning. Operant conditioning (Weiten, 2008) can be distinguished from classical conditioning in that classical conditioning explains how manipulations by events occur before the reflexive response, whereas operant conditioning explains how the response is influenced by the following result of an event.The response in operant conditioning is not reflexive, but rather, voluntary. Therefore, according to Weiten (2008), operant conditioning is a form of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences. Operant conditioning occurs on an everyday basis. It can be identified when a child studies hard to earn good grades, an employee works hard to earn a raise in his/her salary, or even a dog performing tricks to earn a treat.Conditioning was assumed to be applied to any species that could respond to a stimulus. On the contrary, discoveries in recent decades have shown that there are limits to conditioning. These limits are due to an organism’s biological heritage (Weiten, 2008). Instinctive drift is one of the many biological constraints. Instinctive drift was first described by the Brelands who were operant psychologists in the business of training animals for commercial purposes (Breland Breland, 1966 as cited in Weiten, 2008).This occurs when the conditioning process is hindered by an animal’s response due to innate predispositions. For example, a dog can be trained to fetch a stick, but if the dog is presented with a bone, the dog would most likely run off somewhere to bury the bone. This is because of the dog’s innate food- preserving behavior. As stated by Michael Domjan (2005 as cited in Weiten, 2008), organisms have developed distinctive response systems to deal with vital tasks and survival skills over the course of evolution.The principal view of psychologists today on learning is that learning mechanism among different species are analogous, but some of these mechanisms have been altered due to the demands of the organism’s environment. Theories of conditioning did not allocate the role of cognitive processes until recent decades. Edward C. Tolman and his colleagues (Tolman Honzik as cited in Weiten, 2008) developed an experimentation in which they used three groups of rats. All three groups were to run through a complicated maze. Group A was rewarded food daily when they were able to get to the end of the maze. Group B did not receive any food and group C was rewarded food on their 11th trial. Group A showed a much improvement in a short course of time (approximately seventeen days) due to the reinforcement. Group B and C, however, showed little improvement over the course of 10 days. After the 11th trial, group C showed a drastic improvement and even exceeded group A. Tolman determined that the rats in group C have been learning the maze just as much as group A. The motivation of the reward seemed to increase group C’s potential.He termed this as latent learning, which is dormant knowledge that an organism has, but does not express until it is needed. Later on in the study of psychology, cognitive factors were integrated into the study of conditioning. A major theme during the study of conditioning was nature vs. nature (Weiten, 2008). Behavioral traits were thought to be explained through environmental factors, but the recent decades of evidence from the study of classical and operant conditioning has proved that the process of conditioning is impaired by biological constraints.Heritage and the environment once again challenge the theories of nurture when influencing behaviors in organisms. Child-care facilities, schools, factories, and major businesses have all been applied with principles of conditioning in order to improve. Classical and operant conditioning has been a significant contribution and has had a major influence to society. References Weiten, W. (2008). Psychology: Themes variations briefer version (7th ed. ). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. How to cite The Process of Conditioning, Essays

Image of God Essay Sample free essay sample

Theology has been referred to as the queen of the scientific disciplines. In more recent times. its right to govern has been challenged by the rise of postmodern idea. The increasing credence of postmodern thoughts have led many to inquire if traditional divinity can coexist with postmodern believing. Can theology be expressed in the linguistic communication and constructs of postmodernism without losing its significance? There are two possible results. Either divinity can be adapted to talk to postmodern life in postmodern footings or it can non. If it can non do its averments in postmodern footings and remain meaningful. as many have concluded already. so another manner must be found. Since divinity can non talk in postmodern footings without losing its credibleness. this paper will demo that the best manner for divinity to turn to postmodern people and idea is to stay true to Scripture and two thousand old ages of Christian informant. Is Postmodern Theology an Oxymoron? In order to understand the trouble of pass oning divinity in a postmodern clime. it is necessary to analyze the two constituent parts of the equation. Once the two single parts are understood right. it will be confirmed that the two are reciprocally sole as normally understood and defined. A Definition of Christian Theology Harmonizing to Millard Erickson. a good â€Å"basic definition of divinity is ‘the survey or scientific discipline of God. ’† [ 1 ] which is good as a simple statement. but does non capture the full scope of what Christian divinity is. Christian divinity is needfully based in Scripture as its foundation. In its nature so is the thought that God has revealed Himself to mankind in propositional communicating. Francis Schaeffer asserts that it is non unreasonable to state that God has communicated His nature to adult male in a manner that adult male can understand ; the same manner that work forces communicate with each other. [ 2 ] For divinity to stay true. it can non be separated from its Biblical foundation and it must take the Bible as a whole into history. [ 3 ] Christian theology’s premier aim is to pass on truth about God to all of humanity in a manner that can be understood. It is non meant to be a strictly academic exercising for bookmans in their towers. This nonsubjective really sets the phase for the issue at manus. Because postmodern idea is existent and permeant in the universe of today. divinity must happen a manner to convey forth the truths of God in a manner that can be understood by postmodern adult male. The job with this communicating is the gulf between the significance of the footings of traditional Christian divinity before the modern and postmodern epochs and those same footings since modernism began its passage into postmodernism. Specifying Postmodernism One of the biggest jobs with trying to specify postmodernism is the fact that it resists definition by its really nature. The Cambridge Companion to Postmodern Theology notes it so: Those who attempt to specify or to analyse the construct of postmodernity do so at their ain hazard. In the first topographic point. postmoderns reject the impression that any description or definition is â€Å"neutral. † Definitions may look to enjoy in the freshness of nonpartisanship. but they constantly exclude something and hence are complicit. knowingly or non. in political relations. A definition of postmodernity is every bit likely to state more about the individual offering the definition than it is of â€Å"the postmodern. † [ 4 ] This cautiousness is non to be taken lightly. In fact. Vanhoozer goes on to despair that a definition of a postmodern place is all but impossible and alternatively chosens to mention to postmodernism as a â€Å"condition† . [ 5 ] But holding noted the built-in trouble. a definition is needed in some signifier for an intelligent treatment to take topographic point. For the intents of this treatment. postmodernism is a system that rejects nonsubjective cognition and/or metanarratives. Postmodern thought is â€Å"decentered† and â€Å"situated. † which is to state that it doesn’t accept a common land or cosmopolitan attack to truth. but instead a localised version of truth which is really determined at a personal degree. [ 6 ] From this brief effort to trap down a simple definition of postmodern belief. it should already be evident to the reader the built-in trouble presented in â€Å"adapting† divinity into postmodern footings. Can Theology be Synthes ized with Postmodernism? This brings up an of import inquiry upon which this whole treatment will either win or neglect. Is there a manner to pass on divinity in postmodern footings so that it doesn’t lose its significance in the procedure? There are surely those who would state yes. In the last few decennaries. many attempts have been made to discourse divinity and its assorted facets in modern and postmodern linguistic communication such as it is. One of the jobs that has been encountered in this procedure is the opposition of postmodern believing to covering in concrete constructs that are universally true. What has frequently happened to those who seek to make over and paraphrase theological constructs to a postmodern audience is that the theologists making the work have become postmodern every bit good. This has had black effects for the field of divinity as the conflict for truth is now being fought amongst those who should theoretically be on the same side of it. The ways in which postmodern idea has infiltrated the church were predicted by many before it happened and it is exemplifying to look at the warnings of some of these Prophetss of the modern church. Francis Schaeffer noticed these tendencies get downing over 30 old ages ago and noted that it was nil new. In fact. he accused divinity of stating things that were already being said by doctrine and other rational subjects and feigning that they were the first to come up with the thoughts. [ 7 ] Wells echoes these sentiments in God in the Wasteland. stating. â€Å"evangelicalism has bought cultural acceptableness by emptying itself of serious idea. serious divinity. serious worship and serious pattern in the larger civilization. † [ 8 ] The effects of accommodating divinity to postmodern point of views has been mostly negative and arguably unsuccessful. The Effects of Postmodern Thinking on the Church The ways in which postmodern idea has influenced divinity and Christian pattern has been good documented by many bookmans already. This work will take a narrow focal point on three primary countries of influence and the effects that each have suffered. The countries considered here are the position of truth in the church. the position of worship in the church and the position of sermon and instruction in the church. Postmodernist Influence on the Christian View of Truth In reexamining the claims of some postmodern theological statements. it is evident that one of the first thoughts that falls on the chopping block is in fact the thought of absolute or nonsubjective truth. The cardinal truths of Christianity. that God exists. and has communicated with adult male. come under fire in postmodern thought. This is the ground that Francis Schaeffer’s good known trilogy of books bear the rubrics that they do: The God Who Is There. Escape from Reason. and He Is There and He Is Not Silent. In the opening sentence of The God Who is There he states. â€Å"the present chasm between the coevals has been brought about about wholly by a alteration in the construct of truth. † [ 9 ] One of the first truths that is questioned by postmodern adult male is in fact the being of God Himself. For theologists wishing to be postmodern the inquiry can besides be seen as one of whether God is who He has ever been thought to be. [ 10 ] In postmodern idea. even truths that were by and large accepted sing the existence are in drama because no cosmopolitan truths are acknowledged as existent or true either. [ 11 ] What becomes of truth in this civilization? It degenerates into bunk. In seeking to specify the postmodern apprehension of God’s jurisprudence. Lokken falls into absurdness: The jurisprudence so received as artefact is far from a axiomatic object. as modernness contends. but in a postmodern manner is unfastened in that it invariably presents itself of all time afresh and fruitfully in a multiplicity of ways. imparting itself to a fruitfulness of readings. all of them potentially true from the point of view of the integrity of some legitimate position. Therefore. the truth of a jurisprudence is neer finished. Further. we as translators of the jurisprudence. as a 2 nd skyline. are besides neer finished. [ 12 ] Here truth as a cosmopolitan construct has clearly been superseded by an entreaty to the single reading of truth itself. He goes on to explicate that God’s jurisprudence becomes an â€Å"empty generality† when one attempts to use it so that the jurisprudence has no significance whatsoever until or unless it is experienced personally. [ 13 ] And this is non an stray belief in postmodern divinity. In his review of Reginald Stackhouse. Richard Davis shows that Stackhouse came to the realisation that none of the things he believed by â€Å"faith† could be verified independently in such a manner that another individual couldn’t challenge them in true postmodern manner. Because of this. he came to the point that he could no longer see his ain religion to be objectively true and alternatively felt the demand to keep it subjectively without any claim to catholicity of its truth. [ 14 ] In forcing these logical gymnastic exercises to their foregone decisions. Davis comes to the realisation that the truth of God for postmodern theologists boils down to a symbolic concept. God is conceived of on an single degree and found to be whatever that individual decides Him to be. [ 15 ] This is confirmed by Schaeffer’s observation that postmodern divinity can non give any replies in the kingdom of facts or cognition as truth because it insists on destructing the foundation of that cognition as based on any objectively discernible truth either from history or the universe itself. [ 16 ] Therefore. the terminal consequence of postmodern influence in the country of truth is to sabotage or ignore it wholly. Postmodernist Influences on Worship Jesus one time said. â€Å"God is spirit. and his worshippers must idolize in spirit and in truth. † [ 17 ] Having seen the desolation that postmodern theologists have brought to the constructs of truth as God has revealed it. it is easy to understand that worship in spirit and truth is a slippery proposition in a postmodern frame of head. Postmodern worship in the church has taken some features that are immanently predictable. One of the jobs is that worship is more focussed on the single worshippers and their â€Å"felt needs† . Churchs are trying to model their worship services to run into the demands of the bulk. This leads to combat over music manners and presentation quality instead than theological content in the music or even the engagement of the fold. [ 18 ] It is a contemplation of the egoistic nature of postmodern idea and has been observed that more and more modern-day â€Å"Christian† vocals are identical from secular love laies. A point in instance would be vocals like. Every Pulse. made popular by Amy Grant some old ages ago. The first poetry uses the words testimony and informant in talking about the vocalists â€Å"one and only† . The chorus says that â€Å"every pulse bears your name† without stipulating who the â€Å"your† is and the 2nd poetry returns to a narrative of a male child and miss falling in love. [ 19 ] Some have labeled this tendency as â€Å"God is my girlfriend† music. [ 20 ] It has even found its manner into modern hymnals. The newest hymnbooks put out by Lifeway imperativeness contain vocals that could be sung by anyone in love. like Draw Me Close. Not merely is God’s name nowhere to be found in the vocal. it includes phrases like. â€Å"to experience the heat of Your embrace† . [ 21 ] Fortunately. the word Your is capitalized in the wordss or one might neer cognize that God is being sung about here. With the significance left wholly up to the vocalist in a postmodern scene. these vocals finally lose any concrete significance. Postmodern worship so is about wholly oriented around the worshippers instead than the One who is to be worshiped. Wells speaks to this in his treatment of the lightness of God in postmodern life. He says that in a postmodern. â€Å"psychologized† civilization there is a preoccupation with the love of God as reflected in the worship of that love possibly combined with an embarrassment or edginess at the sanctity. truth or morality of God. [ 22 ] Dawn offers some penetrations on how the church has been influenced by postmodernism by proposing a better manner to idolize in a postmodern clime. The church must travel off from singing â€Å"narcissistic ditties† and toward vocals that have â€Å"theological deepness. scriptural images and motive to be about God’s intents of witnessing. justness edifice. and peace devising in the world† . [ 23 ] Since worship is about more than merely the music that is sung in church. another cardinal constituent of this treatme nt is the consequence of postmodernism on sermon and instruction in the church. Postmodern Influences on Preaching and Teaching The influence of postmodern thought on the pattern of sermon and instruction is widespread and insidious. In a universe where two plus two does non needfully equal four. courtesy of â€Å"whole math† in the school system. it will be progressively hard to happen curates and instructors in church who are willing to state that Jesus is the Way. the Truth and the Life with authorization and strong belief matched with worshippers and scholars who can give their hearty understanding. What happens in this clime is that spiritual truth becomes subject to the same thought that allows the reply to two plus two to be â€Å"creatively† determined. Postmodernism has given the church a clime where truth is determined by the single listener or reader and God’s Word has become a casualty. Harmonizing to Wells. this â€Å"captivity to our ain selves† must be broken in order to understand God’s Word right. [ 24 ] The postmodern influence on the church has yielded a o rganic structure of trusters who still demonstrate and perchance confess traditional Christian orthodoxy. but who have no steadfast footing for their belief that would keep up to scrutiny. Many in fact believe that the Christian reply is merely one of many and that other religions with seemingly contradictory beliefs are besides true. [ 25 ] In fact. faith is going little more that a model from which to do determinations which benefit the person. It is a faith which is â€Å"non-theological because it is a faith in which God is distant. his truth is non-invasive. and Christian religion is non-particular. † [ 26 ] It is this clime that allows Oprah to mention to herself as a Christian while at the same time stating that Jesus isn’t the lone manner to heaven because that doesn’t â€Å"feel right to her† . In fact the whole thought of showing instruction or sermon that are unapologetically Christian is now thought to be a bad thought in some circles. The terminal consequence are events like â€Å"holiday† visible radiation shows put on by a church to avoid the â€Å"stigma† of the word Christmas in the hope that they will pull more disbelievers. [ 27 ] Postmodern influence has intimidated many trusters from a willingness to do sole claims sing Christ. Preaching and learning are more a affair of position and mensurable effectivity in a postmodern church than they are about pass oning truth. When the Culture Defines the Church Many churches and parachurch ministries have become so concerned over influence from postmodern civilization that they have turned their primary focal point to counter the influence of that civilization instead than doing or developing adherents as Christ commanded. Rather than seeking to â€Å"strengthen those things that remain. † [ 28 ] many are seeking to weaken those things that they feel may weaken trusters. A study of Jesus Christ’s instruction in the New Testament doesn’t reveal any bids to â€Å"change the civilization. † His bids to be salt and light spells manus in manus with the bid to do more adherents. Light doesn’t change the darkness ; it overcomes it by its presence. The more light there is. the less dark one can happen. Possibly the most unsafe error made by the postmodern church is the effort to alter the civilization outside the church alternatively of going complete interior and making out to do more adherents. In some quarters. the church has become so intermeshed with the civilization around it that it is no longer possible to separate the two. Talking to Postmodern Culture with Biblical Theology There are several of import lessons to larn from the church’s experiences with postmodern believing both good and bad. Postmodernism has allowed the church to see some countries of idea and action that were and are weak or deficient. David Wells points out that one of the positive apprehensions to be gained is the reminder that the Christian religion is non limited to a individual civilization or country. The globalisation that has accompanied modernism and postmodernism has made it clear to Christians all over the universe that there is a far broader manner to look at the religion than merely the â€Å"Western† position that has dominated widely for many centuries. [ 29 ] It is a awful indictment to recognize how closely the church has tied itself to civilization in the Western universe when people speak of Christianity as a â€Å"white man’s faith. † Truly this is neer what Christ intended His Church to be. Based on the countries that have been examined for postmodern influence. what are some normative steps that the church can take in those countries to repossess its position as the salt and visible radiation that it is intended to be? Recovering Truth in a Relative Universe The biggest challenge for many may be keeping the line on the thought of nonsubjective truth as revealed by God and even as shown in nature. The truth of the Bible can non be compromised if Christianity and the church are to hold any significance in this postmodern universe. Before any sort of evangelism to a postmodern universe can be accomplished. whether one-on-one or in a group puting. the authorization and truth of the Scripture must be both steadfastly believed and shamelessly taught. Wells says that God must interrupt each person of the imprisonment to self and to subjectivist authorization over the Word of God. before anyone can hear it or understand it at all. [ 30 ] In a sense. postmodernism has helped the church in this undertaking harmonizing to Wells. because they have affirmed that the egoistic position a individual brings to the text impacts their apprehension of the text. Christians can confirm this and open the door to speak about the influence of wickedness on human apprehension and the demand for God to interrupt those bonds. [ 31 ] Schaeffer says much the same thing about truth for the modern and now postmodern universe. He says that the Bible can be avowal of God’s being and His truth at the same clip. Science was originally based on the thought that an organized Godhead made an organized creative activity. Those facts have non changed and stand ready as a informant to objective truth. [ 32 ] Intellectual Challenge or Spiritual Penetration There seem to be two methods so suggested for facing postmodern adult male with Biblical truth which must stay foundational to the gospel message. Should it be an rational challenge or should the church entreat God to alter peoples Black Marias and heads with His Spirit? Frankly. both will be needed to undertake the job to the full. but based on the single instance one or the other attack may be a more effectual get downing point. Some people respond really good to rational statements and excusatory manners. Peoples like Josh McDowell and Lee Strobel who have come to cognize Christ through rational chase can talk to people who are unfastened to that type of informant. They besides do a valuable occupation of keeping the unity of cognition and truth in the church. On the other side of the spectrum in many ways are ministries like Way of the Master. whose primary method of making out with the truth of God’s message begins in the country of the scruples before needfully prosecuti ng the mind and excusatory defences. Both are effectual in their ain right and neither of the attacks gives an inch when it comes to upholding Biblical truth. The chief challenge before the church in a postmodern clime is keeping God as the centre of all that is done. believed. taught and preached. The Church in the twenty-first Century So what is the church to make in the twenty-first century to see that it doesn’t lose the informant of the old 20 centuries before it? Francis Schaeffer had some interesting penetrations that are still relevant to the church today and beyond. He challenged the church non to run onâ€Å"the footing of memory† of the past and long for the good old yearss. but to alternatively take the freedom that God has given in Bible to be salt and light to the civilization in which it is found. [ 33 ] The church must be the polar antonym of the postmodern universe. It must supply the option to the hopelessness and muddled thought that prevails in postmodern civilization. by standing up for nonsubjective truth and ground. The church can non frame its statements in the linguistic communication of the postmodern head and hope that nil is lost in the procedure. it must be willing to specify and explicate what the truth is and why. These are non times for the swoon of bosom. As Paul said t wo thousand old ages ago. â€Å"for our battle is non against flesh and blood. but against the swayers. against the governments. against the powers of this dark universe and against the religious forces of immorality in the celestial kingdom. † [ 34 ] Decision Finally. what is the best manner for divinity to turn to postmodernism? There have been many different solutions proposed and even tried with assorted consequences. Based on the research for this survey and observation of the universe around us. I would hold to state that we can non squinch or shrivel back in the face of this challenge to the religion. We need to see that the religion we teach is Biblically sound and unapologetically so. We must do certain that the truth we claim is backed up by the life we lead or others will non take us earnestly in this postmodern universe. [ 35 ] Most significantly. the Church must cognize and understand that God is non shocked or surprised by this development in our civilization and universe. His Word was given to us for such a clip as this and His Spirit works with us in this universe to carry through His program. His bid to the church is still the same 1 that was given in Matthew 28 and His promise to be with us is still true. As Paul said in Romans 3:4. â€Å"Let God be true. and every adult male a prevaricator. † In a clip when every adult male seems to hold problem spoting the truth from a prevarication. we have a house bridgehead that hasn’t changed and will non alter. He is the same yesterday and today and everlastingly. [ 36 ] Bibliography Davis. Richard B. â€Å"Can there be an ‘orthodox’ postmodern divinity? † Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 45 no 1. Mr 2002: 111-123. Database online. ATLA ; accessed December 1. 2008. Dawn. Marva J. â€Å"Worship for postmodern times† . Lutheran Theological Journal 42. no. 2 ( August 1 ) : 68-76. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. proquest. com/ ( accessed December 1. 2008 ) . DiBernardo. Sabatino. â€Å"American Idol ( atry ) : A Religious Profanation. † Journal of Religion and Popular Culture 19 ( Summer 2008 ) : 1-16. Database online. UMI-Proquest ; accessed December 1. 2008 Erickson. Millard J. Christian Theology: Second Edition. Grand Rapids. Myocardial infarction: Baker Academic 1998. Grenz. Stanley J. â€Å"Eschatological divinity: contours of a postmodern divinity of hope† Review A ; Expositor 97. no 3 ( Sum 2000 ) : 291-377. Database online. ATLA ; accessed December 1. 2008. Hobson. Theo. â€Å"Rethinking postmodern divinity. † Modern Believing 47. no 3 ( Jl 2006 ) : 10-20. Database online. ATLA ; accessed December 1. 2008. Klemm. David E. â€Å"Toward a rhetoric of postmodern divinity: through Barth and Heidegger. † Journal of the American Academy of Religion 55. no 3 ( Fall 1987 ) : 443-469. Database online. ATLA ; accessed December 1. 2008. Lokken. Paul J. â€Å"Word. universe and a postmodern divinity of jurisprudence. † Word A ; World 21 no 3 ( Sum 2001 ) : 289-296. Database online. ATLA ; accessed December 1. 2008. Martini. Carlo Maria. â€Å"Teaching the Faith in a Postmodern World. † America 198 no 16 ( May 12. 2008 ) : 16-20. Database online. UMI-Proquest ; accessed December 1. 2008. Schaeffer. Francis A. The Complete Works of Francis Schaeffer: A Christian Worldview. Vol. 1. A Christian View of Philosophy and Culture. Westchester. Illinois: Crossway. 1982. Schaeffer. Francis A. The Complete Works of Francis Schaeffer: A Christian Worldview. Vol. 4. A Christian Position of the Church. Westchester. Illinois: Crossway. 1982. Stanley. Timothy. â€Å"Speaking Credibly? Communicating Christian Particularism in Postmodern Contexts. † International Review of Mission. ( January 1. 2008 ) : 21-20. Database online. UMI-Proquest ; accessed December 1. 2008. Towns. Elmer L. Theology for Today. Belmont. Calcium: Wadsworth/Thomson. 2002. Wells. David F. â€Å"Christian Discipleship in a Postmodern World. † Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 51. no 1 ( March 1. 2008 ) : 19-33. Database online. UMI-Proquest ; accessed December 1. 2008. Wells. David F. God in the Wasteland: The Reality of Truth in a World of Fading Dreams. Grand Rapids. Myocardial infarction: Eerdmans. 1994. ———————–[ 1 ] Millard J. Erickson. Christian Theology: Second Edition ( Grand Rapids. Myocardial infarction: Baker Books. 1998 ) . 22. [ 2 ] Francis A. Schaeffer. The Complete Works of Francis Schaeffer: A Christian Worldview. Vol. 1. A Christian View of Philosophy and Culture. ( Westchester. Illinois: Crossway. 1982 ) . 99-100. [ 3 ] Erickson. Christian Theology. 23. [ 4 ] Kevin J. Vanhoozer. â€Å"The Cambridge Companion to Postmodern Theology. † The Cambridge Companion to Postmodern Theology. Cambridge University Press. 2003. Cambridge Collections Online. Cambridge University Press. 02 December 2008 [ 5 ] Ibid. . 4. [ 6 ] Paul J. Lokken. â€Å"Word. universe and a postmodern divinity of jurisprudence. † Word A ; World 21 no 3 ( Sum 2001 ) . 290. in EBSCOhost [ Database online ] ATLA. accessed December 1. 2008. [ 7 ] Shaeffer. The Complete Works of Francis Shaeffer Vol. 1. 9. [ 8 ] David F. Wells. God in the Wasteland: The Reality of Truth in a World of Fading Dreams ( Grand Rapids. Myocardial infarction: Eerdmans. 1994 ) . 27. [ 9 ] Shaeffer. The Complete Works of Francis Shaeffer Vol. 1. 5. [ 10 ] Richard B. Davis.â€Å"Can there be an ‘orthodox’ postmodern divinity? † Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 45 no 1. Mr 2002: 111-123. Database online. ATLA ; accessed December 1. 2008. 114. [ 11 ] Lokken. â€Å"Word. universe. and a postmodern divinity of law† . 290. [ 12 ] Ibid. . 294. [ 13 ] Ibid.[ 14 ] Davis. â€Å"Can there be an ‘orthodox’ postmodern divinity? † . 116. [ 15 ] Ibid. . 121.[ 16 ] Shaeffer. The Complete Works of Francis Shaeffer Vol. 1. 101. [ 17 ] John 4:24 ( New International Version )[ 18 ] Marva J. Dawn. â€Å"Worship for postmodern times† . Lutheran Theological Journal 42. no. 2 ( August 1 ) : 68-76. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. proquest. com/ ( accessed December 1. 2008 ) . [ 19 ] Lyrics obtained from website hypertext transfer protocol: //romantic-lyrics. com/le11. shtml. accessed December 2. 2008. Song lyrics originally written by Amy Grant. Wayne Kirkpatrick. and Charlie Peacock [ 20 ] Bob Kauflin. Worship Matters. â€Å"Expressing Love to God† ; available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. worshipmatters. com/2005/11/expressing-love-to-god-in-worship/ ; Internet ; accessed December 2. 2008. [ 21 ] Baptist Hymnal ( Nashville. Tennessee: Lifeway Worship. 2008 ) . song figure 482. [ 22 ] Wells. God in the Wasteland. 114. [ 23 ] Dawn. â€Å"Worship for Postmodern Times† . 76.[ 24 ] Wells. â€Å"Christian Discipleship in a Postmodern World† . 26 [ 25 ] Ibid. . 24.[ 26 ] Ibid. . 29.[ 27 ] Truth Matters. â€Å"Topeka Bible Church Taking Christ Out of Christmas to Reach the Unbelievers† ; available from hypertext transfer protocol: //bloodtippedears. blogspot. com/2008/11/topeka-bible-church-taking-christ-out. hypertext markup language ; accessed December 4. 2008. [ 28 ] Revelation 3:2 ( NIV ) [ 29 ] Wells. â€Å"Christian Discipleship in a Postmodern World† . 32-33 [ 30 ] Ibid. . 26.[ 31 ] Ibid. . 27[ 32 ] Shaeffer. The Complete Works of Francis Shaeffer Vol. 1. 100-101. [ 33 ] Francis A. Schaeffer. The Complete Works of Francis Schaeffer: AngstromChristian Worldview. Vol. 4. A Christian Position of the Church. ( Westchester. Illinois: Crossway. 1982 ) . 87. [ 34 ] Ephesians 6:12 ( NIV ) [ 35 ] Schaeffer. The Complete Works of Francis Schaeffer: A Christian Worldview. Vol. 4. 96. [ 36 ] Hebrews 13:8 ( NIV )

Organizational Communication Case Study

Organizational Communication Case Study

Free Essays on File Sharing

File Sharing is the RIAA’s Scapegoat for the Decline of CD Sales The year 1999 became the reigning year of Napster as communities of music producers and listeners were introduced to Internet peer-to-peer file sharing. The historical growth of Napster users soon troubled the record industry. Numerous record labels quickly filed suits claiming Napster file sharing violates the copyright laws of their intellectual property. After an extensive legal battle the ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the record companies. The termination of Napster incited the production of a seemingly endless list of alternatives. These new generations of file sharing networks are not quite clones of the pioneering Napster. Their structural modifications removed the necessity of a central database. Certain applications do not even require users to log in using a screen name or any other identifying information. Since such altered characteristics decelerates the industry’s depletion of free peer-to-peer music networks the RIAA is in pursuit of any opportunity to slander them. One of the most common accusations is that file sharing is resulting in a decline of CD sales. The industry’s allegations that file sharing weakens CD sales are incorrectly justified. The statistics presented by the music industry to display the correlation between file sharing and decreasing CD sales are deceiving. Hilary Rosen claims in the RIAA’s 2001 year-end shipments report that, â€Å"a large factor contributing to the decrease in overall shipments last year is online piracy and CD burning† (Rosen). However, the RIAA’s very own statistics do not support this conclusion that downloaded music is responsible for the industry’s alleged slump. Compact disc unit sales for the years 1999 in which Napster was introduced were reported as 938.9 million, reported units sold in 2000 were 942.5 million, reported units in 2001 were 881.9 million, and last year’... Free Essays on File Sharing Free Essays on File Sharing File Sharing is the RIAA’s Scapegoat for the Decline of CD Sales The year 1999 became the reigning year of Napster as communities of music producers and listeners were introduced to Internet peer-to-peer file sharing. The historical growth of Napster users soon troubled the record industry. Numerous record labels quickly filed suits claiming Napster file sharing violates the copyright laws of their intellectual property. After an extensive legal battle the ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the record companies. The termination of Napster incited the production of a seemingly endless list of alternatives. These new generations of file sharing networks are not quite clones of the pioneering Napster. Their structural modifications removed the necessity of a central database. Certain applications do not even require users to log in using a screen name or any other identifying information. Since such altered characteristics decelerates the industry’s depletion of free peer-to-peer music networks the RIAA is in pursuit of any opportunity to slander them. One of the most common accusations is that file sharing is resulting in a decline of CD sales. The industry’s allegations that file sharing weakens CD sales are incorrectly justified. The statistics presented by the music industry to display the correlation between file sharing and decreasing CD sales are deceiving. Hilary Rosen claims in the RIAA’s 2001 year-end shipments report that, â€Å"a large factor contributing to the decrease in overall shipments last year is online piracy and CD burning† (Rosen). However, the RIAA’s very own statistics do not support this conclusion that downloaded music is responsible for the industry’s alleged slump. Compact disc unit sales for the years 1999 in which Napster was introduced were reported as 938.9 million, reported units sold in 2000 were 942.5 million, reported units in 2001 were 881.9 million, and last year’...

P2 IP1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

P2 IP1 - Essay Example Accordingly, the following brief analysis will be concentric upon defining and discussing tell tale hallmarks of the manner through which each of these market structures operates. Firstly, perfect competition will be discussed. Naturally perfect competition only happens in a situation in which numerous difference firms are competing against one another for business. Furthermore, firms in perfect competition in a competitive industry will produce an optimal output at the minimum possible cost for the consumer. Even though this might seem as rather confusing wording, it stands to reason. When one considers the way in which the market and the consumer benefit from a situation in which firms are locked in continual competition, the analogy makes perfect sense. For instance, consider the restaurant market within most locations throughout the United States. Even though this is permeated by many branded entities that engage in competition within a variety of different markets, it is invaria bly made up of many local entrants to the market that are effectively locked in perfect competition with one another; representing a benefit to the consumer in the fact that their output is optimal and their costs are minimized. The ease of entry into such a market is better than any of the other models/structures that will be discussed. Comparatively, a quite dissimilar form of market structure is that the monopoly. The monopoly is obviously a situation in which a firm has no competition within the industry (Elzinga & Mills, 2011). Accordingly, such a structure necessarily reduces the overall level of output that a particular business entity might otherwise be capable of and drive up prices accordingly. As was referenced in the previous model, the overall level of societal good that can be represented within the monopoly is greatly decreased. Furthermore, this particular reality has an economic definition which is defined as deadweight loss. Due to the differential with respect to where the supply and demand curves me, this deadweight loss is a quantifiable economic term that can be presented in numeric form to the individual seeking to understand and define the monopoly. The ease of entry into such a market is all but nonexistent. Another type of market structure that is known to exist is defined as an oligopoly. The oligopoly is an industry with only a few competitive firms. A traditional definition of oligopoly includes a tacit understanding of the fact that an element of collusion is possible. Within such an element of collusive oligopoly, the firms that are â€Å"competing† agree to function as a singular entity as a means to drive up costs and represent a market structure that is similar to a monopoly. However, the situation represents the ultimate prisoners dilemma. The temptation not to cooperate and to undercut the competition by providing a lower price and/or a higher quality product/service to the consumer is enough to ensure that most oligo poly is still compete; albeit at least upon the surface. The ase of entry into such structure can be difficult if not impossible; due to the desire of the existing firms to keep any potential further competition at bay. The final market structure which will be discussed can be defined as monopolistic competition. The monopolistic comp

The Representative and Her Constituents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Representative and Her Constituents - Essay Example It is, therefore, arguable that a representative in this form of governance, has to share the democratic characteristics of the majority of the constituency or resemble those he represent for him to understand the concerns and empathize with the people. Melancton Smith has been credited for being the most well spoken antifederalist’s supporter, and the most conscious supporter of in-office relation. Smith argued that representatives should portray a true picture of the citizens they are representing, and be knowledgeable as far as their wants and situations are concerned (Mezey 21). He also argued that representatives should sympathize with the people and always aim at seeking their interests. His point was that the most essential knowledge for representatives is not political or commercial knowledge attained through education, but it is the knowledge of acquaintance with the occupations and concerns of the people. According to Smith, understanding the real commercial interest of a country does not only require the general ideas of the world, but also, most importantly, knowledge the country, its value, the manufactures, and the capability of the country to enlarge production (Mezey 35). Exercising such powers as laying duties, exercises, and taxes, requires more than acquaintance with the obscure parts of the financial system. ... He felt that this would not only help eliminate any plots against the authority and liberty of the government, but it would also be the best mode for remedy to such crimes. In concluding his speech, Smith said that the number of representatives should large so that while it embraces first class men, it should also admit to the middle class people (101). He felt that if the number were small, the office would be distinguished and elevated. In my opinion, his arguments were admirable since he was against office corruption. He called for prefect representation of the people. Smith believed that the size of the national legislature when coupled with the class-cultural deferential patterns would lead to a body comprised primarily by individuals from the refined and elevated classes. This is because he argued that the high-class people form better associations as compared to the poor and the middle class people who form such associations with difficulty. He, therefore, said that in case el ections by plurality were called, the great would be chosen because they unite their interests, with the poor dividing themselves. He further felt that if the first class were excluded from the legislation, they would be discontented and continually disturb the government. Majority-minority districts refer to the rule for new electoral boundaries to create electoral districts with a majority population of a grouping as a national minority (110). These voting districts have been created as a remedy to the increased underrepresentation of the interests of the minority in political matters. It ensures that the minority group is so large and geographically positioned such that a

Attraction Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Attraction Management - Assignment Example The level of security that is put in place in the 02 Arena was the very important feature for the visitors, the fact that the Arena is fast enough and it can hold almost 23,000 people it can be a terror target. This is a very important feature as it makes the people feel secure as they are at the 02 Arena. The market target was the very important aspect for attraction, the various businesses and the events in the area can attract all sort of ages. The movies can attract kids, the musical events are capable of attracting teenagers, and the casinos can attract those who are not in their youthful years. Major events such as hosting prominent and flashy musicians, like Justin Timberlake, Beyoncà © were a very strong tool for attraction. Holding events such as the Paralympic games also makes the Arena to be known and the venue will be in the mouth of many potential visitors. The geometrical shape of the 02 Arena that is dome-shaped was very attractive and it brought upon experience to a majority of the people. Controlling the behavior of the clientele is the very important aspect of attraction management, this can be achieved by making sure factors such. The flexibility of the arena was very catchy and this has attracted many because they think and try to figure out how different events that of different nature can be held in one Arena. Employees of the area were and are very supportive, there is an efficient call center within the area that can't take any query presented by a potential client.

Comparison of Nursing Theories

Comparison of Nursing Theories Jessica N. Baker The grand nursing theories are too abstract to effectively guide practice, but they can provide a world view. Middle range theories, on the other hand, are less abstract, but are more easily linked to practice. Compare and contrast these two types of theory and how they can be used to inform ANP practice using one grand theory and one middle range theory as examples. Nursing theories are organized frameworks of concepts and purposes to guide nursing practice (Risjord, 2010). Two types of nursing theories are grand nursing theories and middle range nursing theories. Grand nursing theories encompass all aspects of the human experience and allow for general application whereas middle range theories are less abstract and are more specific (McKenna Slevin, 2008). Although there are similarities and differences between grand nursing theories and middle range theories both types of theories can prove to be useful when informing advanced nursing practice (McCrae, 2012). Grand nursing theories are broad in scope and relate to larger areas of nursing such as promotion of health for all individuals in a society (Powers Knapp, 2011). Although broad and non-specific, grand nursing theories provide several implications for advanced practice nursing. It is widely known that healthcare is constantly becoming more complex at an exponential rate. Because of rapidly increasing complexities the abstract nature of grand theories can be useful for complex phenomena relevant to nursing such as aging populations and complex disease states (Florczak, Poradzisz, Hampson, 2012). Grand theories can highlight the complexities of these and other complex issues concerning for advanced practice nursing in a global society (Im Ju-Chang, 2012). By using grand theories the advanced practice nurse can view each client both as an individual as well a part of larger systems (Florczak, Poradzisz, Hampson). One grand theory that can be used to guide advanced nursing practice is Neuman’s systems model. This theory uses prevention as the basis for health promotion and it provides a holistic and comprehensive approach to maximizing client health by focusing on stressors that influence the relationship between the client and the environment (Florczak, Poradzisz, Hampson, 2012). The environment is comprised of five interrelated biological, mental, environmental, social, and spiritual variables (Neuman Fawcett, 2012). The role of the nurse is to retain stability in the client-environment relationship through three levels of prevention (Florczak, Poradzisz, Hampson). These include primary prevention that occurs before the client experiences a reaction to a stressor, secondary prevention that occurs after the client experiences a reaction to a stressor, and tertiary prevention that occurs after the client has been treated through secondary prevention methods (Skalski, DiGerolamo, Gig lotti, 2006). Using Neuman’s systems model the advanced practice nurse can clearly identify appropriate interventions at different stages of disease processes (Lee, 2014). By discussing the five environmental variables with patients, partnerships can be created to mutually create goals (Skalski, DiGerolamo, Giglotti, 2006). The advanced practice nurse can also promote prevention through client education and counseling (Neuman Fawcett, 2012). Like grand nursing theories, middle range theories provide several implications for advanced practice nursing. Middle range theories can be described as the link connecting research and practice (Fawcett Garity, 2009). Middle range theories can be descriptive, explanatory, or predictive and each plays a role in informing and guiding advanced nursing practice (Fawcett, 2005). When compared to grand nursing theories, middle range theories have a narrower scope, greater levels of specificity, and greater ease of concept application (Powers Knapp, 2011). A middle range theory that influences advanced nursing practice is the theory of optimal client system stability. This theory was derived from the grand theory of Neuman’s systems model as described above. This theory has only one proposition and that is that stability represents system health (Neuman Fawcett, 2012). This theory is useful because interventions by the advanced practice nurse are linked to client outcomes (Florczak, Poradzisz, Hampson, 2012). There are multiple applications when age, health status, and stressors are identified (Risjord, 2010). One such example is a study of fatigue in patients with diabetes by Casalenuovo (2002) that examined the relationship between stress, well-being, and fatigue. In this study the author concluded that interventions aimed at enhancing client well-being reduced fatigue. Both grand and middle range theories are sets of interrelated concepts to guide thinking in advanced practice nursing (Risjord, 2010). However, there are many differences between these two types of theories. Grand nursing theories consist of conceptual frameworks to provide broad insight useful for general practice. Because of the level of abstraction they are usually not easily testable (Florczak, Poradzisz, Hampson, 2012). Grand theories are often developed through insightful appraisal and considerations. Middle range theories are narrower in scope and are a bridge between grand theories and nursing practice (Fawcett Garity, 2009). Because middle range theories are less abstract and their concepts are more easily operationalized they allow for hypothesis testing. Middle range theories are often evolved from grand theories, literature reviews, and clinical practice making them more specific to nursing practice (Florczak, Poradzisz, Hampson). Despite multiple differences, both grand theories and middle range theories have a role in informing and influencing advanced practice nursing. Grand nursing theories define the role of nursing and separates nurses within the infrastructure of health care professions whereas middle range nursing theories guides the nurse to considerations when making clinical decisions (Florczak, Poradzisz, Hampson, 2012). The different types of theories provide different advantages for practice. These two types of theories are complementary and each type can contribute to advanced nursing practice and knowledge (Risjord, 2010). References: Casalenuovo, G. A. (2002). Fatigue in diabetes mellitus: Testing a middle range theory of well-being derived from Neumans theory of optimal client system stability and the Neuman systems model. Dissertation Abstracts International, 63(5), 2301B. Florczak, K., Poradzisz, M., Hampson, S. (2012). Nursing in a complex world: A case for grand theory.Nursing Science Quarterly,25(4), 307-312. Fawcett, J. (2005). Middle-range nursing theories are necessary for the advancement of the discipline.Aquichan,5(1), 32-43. Fawcett, J., Garity, J. (2009). Evaluating research for evidence-based nursing. Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis. Im, E., Ju-Chang, S. (2012). Current trends in nursing theories. Journal of Nursing Scholarship,44(2), 156-164. Lee, Q. (2014). Application of Neumans system model on the management of a patient with asthma.Singapore Nursing Journal,41(1), 20-25. McCrae, N. (2012). Whither nursing models: The value of nursing theory in the context of evidence-based practice and multidisciplinary health care.Journal of Advanced Nursing,68(1), 222-229. McKenna, H. P., Slevin, O. (2008).Nursing models, theories and practice. Oxford: Blackwell. Neuman, B., Fawcett, J. (2012). Thoughts about the Neuman systems model: A dialogue.Nursing Science Quarterly,25(4), 374-376. Powers, B., Knapp, T. R. (2011).Dictionary of nursing theory and research. New York, NY: Springer. Risjord, M. W. (2010).Nursing knowledge: Science, practice, and philosophy. Chichester, West Sussex: Blackwell. Skalski, C., DiGerolamo, L., Gigliotti, E. (2006). Stressors in five client populations: Neuman systems model-based literature review.Journal of Advanced Nursing,56(1), 69-78.

Abortion - Human Life is Involved Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive To

Abortion - Human Life is Involved      Ã‚  Ã‚   Divine law and natural reason exclude all right to the direct killing of an innocent man. However, if the reasons given to justify an abortion were always manifestly evil and valueless the problem would not be so dramatic. The gravity of the problem comes from the fact that in certain cases, perhaps in quite a considerable number of cases, by denying abortion one endangers important values to which it is normal to attach great value, and which may sometimes even seem to have priority. Pro-lifers do not deny these very great difficulties. It may be a serious question of health, sometimes of life or death, for the mother; it may be the burden represented by an additional child, especially if there are good reasons to fear that the child will be abnormal or retarded; it may be the importance attributed in different classes of society to considerations of honor or dishonor, of loss of social standing, and so forth. Pro-lifers say that none of these reasons can ever objective ly confer the right to dispose of another's life, even when that life is only beginning. With regard to the future unhappiness of the child, no one, not even the father or mother, can act as its substitute--even if it is still in the embryonic stage--to choose in the child's name, life or death. The child itself, when grown up, will never have the right to choose suicide; no more may his parents choose death for the child while it is not of an age to decide or itself. Life is too fundamental a value to be weighed against even very serious disadvantages.    When does human life begin? According to physicians, biologists and scientists testifying before the United States Congress:    Conception (fertilizatio... ...he Amedos. Medical A's',, 1W12/84, p. 20.    Hooker and Davenport. The Prenatal Origin of Behavior. Kansas: University of Kansas Press, 1952.    Noonan, "The Experience of Pain, New Perspectives on Human Abortion." N.p.: A1etheia Books, 1981. p.213.    Reinis, Stanislaw and Jerome M. Goldman. The Development of the Brain. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas Publishers, 1980.    Rockwell, P.E.,M.D. Director of Anesthesiology, Leonard Hospital, Troy, NY, U.S. Supreme Court, Markle vs. Abele, 72-56, 72-730, 1972. P.11       The Silent Scream. Cleveland, OH: American Portrait Films, 1984.    Tanner, J.M. and G.R. Taylor, Time-Life Books. Growth, New York: Life Science Life, 1965. p.64.    U.S. Congress. Subcommittee on Separation of Powers to Senate Judiciary Committee S-158, 97th Congress, 1st Session 1981. p.7